Start from a position

Immigration level728/yr

Net migration across all routes — work, study, family, asylum

NHS investmentCurrent

Spending level relative to today — affects staffing, waiting lists, capacity

Housebuilding150/yr

New homes built annually — England currently builds ~150,000

Skills & trainingCurrent

Domestic apprenticeships, NHS training places, and vocational investment

System pressures

How Britain responds

NHS & Social Care
CRITICAL
Housing & Rents
SEVERE
Economy & Fiscal
SEVERE
Labour Market
SEVERE
Demographics
UNDER PRESSURE
Social Cohesion
UNDER PRESSURE

Green delta = pressure falling · Red delta = pressure rising

Time horizon